Which of the following is NOT a component of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory?

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the individual's ability to perform self-care, the identification of self-care deficits when individuals cannot meet their own self-care needs, and the role of nursing in supporting those needs through a nursing system.

The theory is established on three interrelated concepts: self-care, which encompasses the activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being; self-care deficit, which occurs when individuals are unable to fulfill their self-care requirements; and the nursing system, which refers to the actions nurses take to assist individuals in meeting their self-care needs.

While patient engagement is undoubtedly an important aspect of nursing practice and affects health outcomes, it is not a defined component of Orem's theory. Instead, Orem emphasizes the importance of self-care abilities and the supportive role of nursing rather than directly labeling the involvement or engagement of the patient as a core component. Thus, the focus of Orem’s theory is more on the mechanisms of self-care and deficits rather than on the engagement itself.