Qualitative research primarily relies on which type of data?

Qualitative research focuses on understanding human behavior, experiences, and the meaning individuals assign to their activities, which is best captured through descriptive data rather than numerical data. Field observations are a cornerstone of qualitative methodology, allowing researchers to capture rich, detailed accounts of social phenomena in their natural context. This approach emphasizes depth of understanding over quantifiable measurements, which is central to qualitative research's purpose of exploring complex issues, narratives, and themes from participants' perspectives.

In contrast, the other options involve forms of data typically associated with quantitative research. Statistical analysis and numerical reports provide measurable data that can be used to identify patterns or relationships across larger populations. Digital records may also contain structured data that is analyzed quantitatively. However, none of these methods would provide the same depth and richness of insight as field observations, making the latter the most appropriate choice for qualitative research.